Coursework, notes, and progress while attending NYU's Interactive Telecommunications Program (ITP)

The Ancients

For my final project I wanted to explore the relationship between magic, mythology, & ritual and scientific & technological advancement. My final piece was something of a museum exhibit but from the perspective of a new species of human evolved from homo sapiens that migrated from earth after its destruction. I hoped to raise questions about our relationship to our things, how myth is created and transformed, and the loss of information over time.

Exhibit set up includes the title of the exhibit, a present-day cell phone and earbuds presented as acient artifacts in a display case, and a proximity sensor that allows visitors to cycle through educational videos explaining future-scholars’ understanding of their meaning and use

The exhibit allows visitors to play clips separately. All the clips have been edited together and put up on vimeo.

Inspired by Michal Rovner’s mesmerizing pieces of abstract forms and Curious Rituals, a blog and book that catalogs the behavioral changes that have accompanied the adoption of different technologies, I set out to find a way to document the habits, now taken for granted, that have transformed our interaction with the world and keep us perpetually tethered to the internet.

Many objects that now inhabit our world, including cell phones, laptops, and the servers that power the internet, are monolithic, giving little clue as to their use without previous knowledge and context. I wondered how people trying to reconstruct our way of life might understand them, imagining that their connection to networks would be rendered invisible. I also considered Riane Eisler’s The Chalice and the Blade, which re-interprets archaeological literature and proposes new theories of understanding our past, raising questions about the original mis/interpretation of cave paintings and artifacts from different societies.

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360 photos and aframe.js

At some point I’d like to play with compositing, and I recently saw some great examples using the aframe javascript library. To try it out, I put some sample images taken with the Ricoh Theta online.

It took me a while to realize this, even with the javascript console yelling at me that the images are not power of 2, but my equirectangular images were 5376 × 2688 so I needed to resize them to 4096 x 2048. Either size worked on my local host but once uploaded online, only the 4096 x 2048 dimension images worked (otherwise it was just a black screen).

Every image is an accidental self portrait! I wear this pink skull necklace a lot.

Museum of Ice Cream

DUMBO Waterfront

Greenpoint at Night

Projection mapping: Popcorn & Vomit

Having never projected any video, let alone on a bright New York City street, I took special note of the fact that in class the video that looked best projected was very bright and high contrast. But feeling uninspired by the light, animation, architectural illusions, and EDM that seem to largely accompany the medium, I thought it might be interesting to instead do something to elicit discomfort and unease and at unusually large scale. I was inspired by the ending of Eraserhead to overwhelm the space with something particularly disgusting.

Still wanting to play with scale, Zach and I decided to manipulate a popcorn maker and the size of the popped popcorn. We both liked the juxtaposition of the popcorn maker spewing popcorn and the people vomiting.

Vomit from jfunky on Vimeo.

Why vomit?

The first reason is Teddy, the spiritually advanced 10-year old child of J.D. Salinger’s Nine Stories.

“You know that apple Adam ate in the Garden of Eden, referred to in the Bible?” he asked. “You know what was in the apple? Logic. Logic and intellectual stuff. That was all that was in it. So–this is my point–what you have to do is vomit it up if you want to see things as they really are.”

The second reason is because it’s usually hilarious. There’s something about the bared honesty of disgust or illness that makes it so compelling. Our class laughed at the transition to the vomit projections, which makes us think this was effective.

Barren Island History VR documentary

Fascinated by the community that inhabited Barren Island when it was the main dumping ground for New York City’s garbage, I decided to experiment with VR and the Ricoh Theta at Dead Horse Bay, where refuse from the era still washes up on the beach. While many people have heard of Dead Horse Bay, I think it’s still a surprise to learn of the marginalized labor that sorted through garbage there, and these people’s fate when Robert Moses decided to build Marine Park Bridge to connect the island to Brooklyn. It amazes me that this history is overlooked, especially when those that pick through recycling for a living are still visible in New York. And of course, people still make their living this way in dumps around the world.

My main source of information for the audio is from Benjamin Miller’s Fat of the Land, which provides a much more in-depth history of New York City’s garbage. There’s also a great short overview of present-day Dead Horse Bay on Atlas Obscura, which also gives instruction on how to visit.

Video portrait

Tasked with creating a video portrait of a stranger using only still photos, my personal goal was to learn how to take photos with a 5D camera. My focus was on the experience of a protester.

The timing of the assignment coincided with a new wave of Black Lives Matters protests across the country in response to the the police killings of Philando Castile and Alton Sterling. In both cases, the shootings were caught on video. I attended one of the protests in New York. Experiencing a protest through a camera was a very different, and it was challenging to adjust manual settings in such a rapidly changing atmosphere.

I realized while reviewing the images that many of the photos I’d taken were of people policing or observing the protest, and the general surveillance atmosphere (cars, helicopters, signs). I was documenting while being documented. I recorded the audio after putting the images together based on the almost-verbatim goodbye a friend (much more active in political organizing than I) gave before leaving midway.

A History of NYC Recycling & Labor

Link to timeline.

Conflict

I want to figure out what the forces are driving both the independent collectors of recyclables and those pushing for greater enforcement of rules around theft, because I think it will shed light on larger questions around recycling streams in dense urban areas and waste management policy.

Stakeholders

  • The Department of Sanitation (DSNY)
  • Private carters/haulers
  • Private recycling companies
  • Private waste disposal companies across the 7-8 states NYC sends refuse
  • New York Business Integrity Commission
  • Canners (people that collect bottles and cans to get the bottle deposit)
  • Freelance cardboard and scrap metal recyclers (generally have vehicles)
  • NYC Residents (producers, consumers, & environmentalists)
  • NYC businesses (rely on private carters for collection)
  • The police (not actually responsible for enforcement)
  • The mafia* (have historically played a large role in garbage collection)

Motivating questions

In my root cause analysis I identified three broad causes: the market for recyclables, the economy particularly as it affects low-income workers and the hard-to-employ, and the governance/culture of New York City. I thought the market for recyclables seemed like the cause that might offer the most opportunity for action. But, I did not really know the characteristics of the populations setting out to recycle independently beyond their apparent economic hardship or how reliant the DSNY might be on revenue it gained from recycling. I also didn’t know what how either of these groups interacted recyclers, and what their relationships might looked like. I set out trying to answer the following, related questions.

  • What are the city’s revenue losses due to theft, and how is this measured (DSNY enforcement officers, staff time or money spent on policing theft, rate of infractions, volume/weight of stolen recyclables)? How significant a loss is this?
  • What is the real difference between these recycling streams? Who are individual collectors selling to and are they recycling materials properly?
  • Does DSNY enforcement police private collection as well as public and residential collection?
  • What are the contracts the city has with recyclers? Does the city receive fixed revenue or does it fluctuate with the market?
  • How large is the market for recylables? Where does recycling happen? How do the prices on the secondary market affect the behavior of people collecting recyclables?
  • Who is a freelance recycler? What has their role been, historically? How do they fit into the larger narrative about our culture around waste? As I continued my research I became more and more invested in tracing this thread.

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Baidu Security Holes

A recent article and report on privacy security issues with the Baidu browser raised questions around government influence that encourages the release of unsafe software into the hands of consumers, and the related issues of encryption, and data collected by search engines more broadly. In the U.S., the debate around encryption has put producers, who are generally pro-encryption, and government law enforcement agencies, who are fighting encryption, against one another. This is the most visible part of the debate around consumer security, but we also know companies comply with government orders (such as national security letters) and it seems well within the realm of possibility that ordinary citizens do not know the extent to this compliance. Finally, the report highlights how little I and most people know about the way our activity on the internet is tracked and mediated, by search engines but also by many sites we visit, for monetary gain.

The intent behind the security holes in Baidu is unclear: “China requires local companies like Baidu to retain and share user data without much of any kind of due process, transparency, or public accountability. Did Baidu build their browser to hoover up all of this personal information at the request of the Chinese authorities? Did they do it for commercial reasons? Did they do it because of over zealous engineering choices? …Whether poor design, or surveillance by design, it is the same effect: users are at risk.”

A certain level of privacy is considered a human right. Governments around the world, but more visibly since legislation passed as a result of the September 11th terrorist attacks, have challenged technological measures and legal procedures intended to protect personal privacy under the name of increased security. Whether or not weakened encryption is an effective tool for law enforcement and counter-terrorism is an open question, although there’s evidence that terrorists hide their communications in other ways. I’m inclined to think that governments should be on the side of their law-abiding citizens who could be at risk of disclosing personal information to more malicious third parties and criminals using deliberately inferior software.

 

NYC Garbage Distribution and Disposal

Link to map.

Data Sources

I used this GeoJSON of NYC Community Districts and Joint Interest Areas from nyc.gov. I did not include “Joint Interest Areas, a/k/a JIAs, are public parks, waterways, major governmental installations and similar land uses which are not located within bounding community districts. Examples are Central Park, Van Cortlandt Park, LaGuardia and JFK Airports” and these areas did not have DSNY collection data.

I also included NYC borough geographic data, to include outlines of these areas, and state geographic data for New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, Kentucky, and South Carolina, so it would be more apparent which states had markers when the map was zoomed out.

Collection and Disposal Network data are from the NYC Department of Sanitation, released through NYC Open Data, last updated in February 2016. When I found this map from the Newton Creek Alliance, I figured transfer stations and disposal centers were different language for different centers, but I’m actually not sure. For the purposes of my map, I aggregated Tonnage Collection data from the district-month level to the district-level for 2015. I used Mimi’s code for adding these data to the community-district geojson.

I attempted to verify as many landfill/disposal locations as possible based on this list which was the most up-to-date of two lists I found, the other being from 2002. Based on the broad distribution discovered by the MIT trash tracker project, I suspect it is an incomplete list. After googling to find company websites and for all the addresses, I found one case of duplicates, and a few cases where I think the location listed on google or the website was the company’s office rather than the landfill itself. I included these for now anyway, since I think they are still demonstrative of the distance NYC trash is transported.

User Testing

This week I tested my paper prototype of my counter application, which I did iterate once based on one person’s feedback. I realized as I tested that I probably should have made empty screens, since the pre-populated ones that showed functionality seemed to confuse people.

I asked three of my coworkers and my parents to help me. I learned that my parents need to wear glasses to interact with their iPhones. Through the conversation I also realized my mom has trouble with the iPhone keyboard, which reminded me of testing button size, which was mentioned in class. It was challenging to not continually converse with everyone, since I know them so well, and they kept on looking to me to give guidance or answer questions.

Everyone was asked the same introductory and task questions. First, I just asked everyone about their routine, to try to get an idea of things they might keep track of. Then, I asked how they like to keep organized, to see what tools came up. A few people joked that they don’t keep organized, but also nearly everyone mentioned a calendar application and to-do lists, either on their phone or on paper. The tasks were:

  • Create a new item to keep track of the number of times you go to the gym this week. You want to go four times.
  • Create a new item to count down to your friend’s wedding on April 2nd.
  • Increment the number of days you want to go on vacation down one.

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Information problems: Connectivity in Somalia

This week’s focus was on information problems in conflicts: How do actors establish ground truth and assess biases in sampling and among sources when there are competing narratives? Conflicts in Somalia and Hawaii served as case studies, although our solution is specific to Somalia. Slides after slide 12 demonstrate some of our thinking before further refining.

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